Reusable Polyacrylonitrile-Sulfur Extractor of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater

Mercury, lead, and cadmium are among the most toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal ions (HMIs), posing serious threats to the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems and public health. There is an urgent need to remove these ions from water by a cheap but green process. Traditional methods have insufficient removal efficiency and reusability. Structurally robust, large surface-area adsorbents functionalized with high-selectivity affinity to HMIs are attractive filter materials. Here, an adsorbent prepared by vulcanization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a nitrogen-rich polymer, is reported, giving rise to PAN-S nanoparticles with cyclic π-conjugated backbone and electronic conductivity. PAN-S can be coated on ultra-robust melamine (ML) foam by simple dipping and drying. In agreement with hard/soft acid/base theory, N- and S-containing soft Lewis bases have strong binding to Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Cd²⁺, with extraordinary capture efficiency and performance stability. Furthermore, the used filters, when collected and electrochemically biased in a recycling bath, can release the HMIs into the bath and electrodeposit on the counter-electrode as metallic Hg⁰, Pb⁰, Cu⁰, and Cd⁰, and the PAN-S@ML filter can then be reused at least 6 times as new. The electronically conductive PAN-S@ML filter can be fabricated cheaply and holds promise for scale-up applications.     

木质纤维与水泥共同改良软土的力学性能与微观机制分析

通过压实试验、无侧限抗压强度试验和劈裂试验,分析不同木质纤维含量、水泥含量和固化时间对软土力学性能的影响规律,探讨木质纤维、水泥改良软土的微观机制。结果表明,木质纤维的加入对水泥改良软土的击实特性有显著的影响;木质纤维与水泥可有效改善土体的抗压和劈裂抗拉强度,随着木质纤维含量的增加,改良土的抗压和劈裂抗拉强度呈现出明显的“驼峰”现象,并在木质纤维含量为0.25%时最大;木质纤维与水化产物、软土颗粒形成互锁效应,增大了改良土的摩擦力,同时木质纤维还承担一定的拉伸强度,使改良土的劈裂强度增加。     

Critical state model for structured soil

Structure is an evident determinant for macroscopic behaviors of soils. However, this is not taken into account in most constitutive models, as structure is a rather complex issue in models. For this, it is important to develop and implement simple models that can reflect this important aspect of soil behavior. This paper tried to model structured soils based on well-established concepts, such as critical state and sub-loading. Critical state is the core of the classic Cam Clay model. The sub-loading concept implies adoption of an inner (sub-loading) yield surface, according to specific hardening rules for some internal strain-like state variables. Nakai and co-workers proposed such internal variables for controlling density (ρ) and structure (ω), using a modified stress space, called t_ij. Herein, similar variables are used in the context of the better-known invariants (p and q) of the Cam Clay model. This change requires explicit adoption of a non-associated flow rule for the sub-loading surface. This is accomplished by modifying the dilatancy ratio of the Cam Clay model, as a function of the new internal variables. These modifications are described and implemented under three-dimensional (3D) conditions. The model is then applied to simulating laboratory tests under different stress paths and the results are compared to experiments reported for different types of structured soils. The good agreements show the capacity and potential of the proposed model.     

于都黄麟-祁禄山地区土地质量地球化学评价

通过对于都县黄麟-祁禄山地区开展1:5万土地质量地球化学调查,在野外土壤样品采集和化验测试的基础上,系统地研究了影响土地质量的各项地球化学指标特征与控制因素,基本查明有益元素、重金属元素分布,划分出重点污染区和绿色土地发展区,并进行土地质量等级评价,为永久基本农田建设、土地资源开发与利用等方面提出建议。     

于都县黄麟地区绿色富硒土壤分布选区评价

通过于都县黄麟地区1:5万土地质量地球化学调查,基本査明该地区农作物中硒元素及其他元素的地球化学特征,综合分析岀绿色富硒土壤分布,并优选出绿色富硒地块,为特色农产品基地建设的开发与利用提供理论依据。     

软模板法制备多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的研究进展

相比传统ZSM-5分子筛,多级孔ZSM-5分子筛具有空间位阻小、传质效率高、焦炭少等特点,近年来在分子筛领域应用广泛。多级孔分子筛通常可用后处理法和模板剂法制备,相比后处理法,模板剂法能更好地控制介孔的结构和孔道尺寸。概述了采用传统表面活性剂、两亲性的有机硅烷、双功能多季铵盐表面活性剂及高分子聚合物等软模板法合成多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的研究进展。分析不同软模板剂的特点和作用机理,阐述了合成后分子筛的结构特点及催化性能等。指出在今后的研究中,可以设计价格较低的新型功能化模板剂,优化合成过程,致力于在理解合成机理的前提下,寻找操作简单、绿色环保的合成路线,并将其推行到实际工业生产中。     

Microplastics in soils: a review of possible sources,analytical methods and ecological impacts

Microplastics are emerging persistent pollutants that have been extensively detected in aqueous environments. Yet, scientists have little knowledge of microplastic pollution in soils. This study reviewed over 60 articles, with the following objectives: (i) to discuss sources and the global distribution of microplastics in soils; (ii) to evaluate current extraction techniques and analytical methods for microplastics in soils; and (iii) to comprehensively assess their adverse impacts on soils and soil organisms. Moreover, this review highlights the lack of research into microplastic contamination in soils as a significant knowledge gap. Research into the fate, sources and analytical techniques of soil microplastics and the interactions between soil organisms, soils and microplastics is essential in order to underpin management decisions aimed at safeguarding the ecological integrity of our soils. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于最近邻与神经网络融合模型的软测量建模方法

软测量建模能够有效地解决生产过程中在线分析仪表测量滞后大、价格昂贵、维护保养复杂等问题。目前，基于数据驱动的神经网络是软测量建模的主要工具之一。而在建模数据的采集过程中，主导变量的采集相对辅助变量要困难得多，由此产生了大量缺失标签的数据。但传统的软测量建模方法却忽视了这些无标签数据，只利用少量的有标签数据建模，从而影响了模型的预测精度。为了解决标签缺失的问题，采用最近邻算法对无标签数据进行伪标记，同时设计了由卷积操作与门限循环单元神经网络（GRU）结合的网络结构来进一步利用无标签数据，提取不同时刻数据中的动态特征，提高神经网络的预测精度。最后将该方法应用于丙烯精馏塔塔顶丙烷浓度的预测，实验结果表明该模型能有效处理非线性动态系统的标签缺失问题，具有更高的预测精度。     

深部松软煤层钻孔孔周煤体变形产渣特征研究

针对煤矿井下高瓦斯软煤顺层长钻孔排渣困难、成孔率低、施工困难等问题,通过数值模拟实验研究了井下深部软煤体变形破坏特征,分析了顺层长钻孔孔周松软煤体变形特征及应力变化,以揭示顺层长钻孔孔周松软煤体变形产渣规律。研究表明:深部高瓦斯软煤顺层钻孔孔周煤体的应力平衡临界条件破坏后将发生大体积突然垮落;钻孔水平最大变形位移为1.22mm,垂直方向最大变形位移为10.7mm;径向孔周煤体垂向变形呈现逐渐减小趋势,且垂向变形明显大于钻孔水平变形。在水平方向上,钻孔孔周煤体应力分布呈现先增大再逐渐减小的变化规律,径向距离对水平应力分布的影响逐渐减小;随着径向距离的增加,钻孔孔周煤体应力分布逐渐降低,钻孔孔壁处煤体的应力出现最大值,且垂直方向处应力值最大。